[1] Williams J. et al., "Progress in the Use of Helical CT for Imaging Urinary Calculi content" Journal of Endourology, Volume 18, Number 10, December 2004

[2] http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec11/ch148/ch148c.html, June 2009

[3] Amiri M. et al., "Designing a novel double-j stent to facilitate the expulsion of urinary stones." Urol Int. 2009;82(4):484. Epub 2009 Jun 8.

[4] Albert J. Mariani, "Combined electrohydraulic and holmium: YAG laser ureteroscopic nephrolithotripsy of large (>2 cm) renal calculi" Indian J Urol. 2008 Oct–Dec; 24(4): 521–525.

[5] Rous SN, Turner WR. "Retrospective study of 95 patients with staghorn calculus disease." J. Urol 1977;118:902-4.

[6] http://www.netterimages.com/image/2300.htm, May 2009