The most common risk associated with the use of vaginal mesh is mesh erosion after implantation.  Studies have suggested that the erosion for vaginal mesh patients can be as high as 11.9%. Some patients are asymptomatic for a period and symptoms like vaginal discharge and pain can appear at any time. A nonsurgical technique to treat mesh erosion is the use of estrogen cream, but many times further surgery is preformed on the patient. A limitation of vaginal mesh is that potential for further surgeries and the costs associated with doing so. The surgery may require excision of the vaginal mesh or removal of large portions of the vaginal mesh.

        A complication of using synthetic vaginal mesh is dyspareunia, caused by mesh erosion, mesh shrinkage and extensive fibrosis. Dyspareunia is painful sexual intercourse and could be cause by the properties of the mesh or the manner that the mesh was inserted. The vaginal mesh may cause some inflexibility of the vaginal region leading to the condition. Synthetic vaginal mesh has also been known to induce retrovesical haematomas and vesicovaginal fistulas in patients. Another complication is urinary problems such as incontinence and bladder overactivity. Also there are some complications associated with using biological grafts as the vaginal mesh. With a biological graft, acute inflammation occurs that causes the patient discomfort after surgery. Infection, defective wound healing and immune rejection of the biological graft can all occur. [3,4]