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     Growth factors, specifically neurotrophic growth factors, can influence the growth, differentiation, and survival of neurons. Incorporating growth factors with the other mentioned components can aid in successfully regenerating axons. Current studies have shown that the following growth factors have had success in axonal regeneration:

• Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
• Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
• Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-1 and FGF-2)
• Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)
• Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)
• Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
• Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF)
• Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
• Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-ß)

      A growth factor can be delivered a number of ways, from osmotic pumps to glue to modified cells. However, the most effective method is via the scaffold, directly at the site of injury. Two features must be controlled, which include the bioavailability and the concentration uniformity across the scaffold. If these are not properly accounted for, certain sections within the scaffold will unevenly receive growth factors.⁴