Comments:

It is important to note the limitations of the research presented in the previous pages. The main limitation in common between the ELISA detection and the Nanoshell detection methods is based on the over-expression of c-erbB-2/HER2 which is the same protein. This protein is over-expressed in only 20-30% of breast cancer cases, and are malignant cases. Thus, these therapies are limited in scope. The Microfluidics method discussed overcomes this limitation in that detects EpCAM, which is present in all cases. However, this device was tested with a suspension of cells in media, and not in real whole blood, which may present complications that were not addressed in the publication. If the Microfluidics method can be incorporated into a lab-on-a-chip device, it would be a contender for the ideal detection device.

With these in mind, the objective of these technologies should not be lost. These technologies aim to complement or supercede mammography in detection and diagnosis. Since breast cancer is a complex pathophysiology, incorporating numerous proteins and signaling pathways, the approach to diagnosing and treating breast cancer at the molecular level should be strongly considered. BioMEMS and nanotechnology offer methods by which this approach can be realized.